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Urea LayeringUrea
is highly soluble in water, up to a limit of 1 kg per litre. Layering of
the urea can occur during a period of two to three days after initial
charging. This means that the concentration of urea at the bottom of the
reservoir tank can be up to five to ten times higher than at the top of
the tank. This can lead to a dangerous overdose situation if it occurs.
These high concentrations of urea occur at the bottom of the tank as there
are fine undissolved particles of urea present and these settle in the
first few days. They must be dissolved before the concentration can be
even throughout the concentrate tank. This
probably occurs in all waters to some degree and in most cases the
concentrations used are stable, however, it is important that the dynamics
of each situation are understood and that appropriate measures are taken
to prevent the layering occurring. This normally means mixing the tank
again, at least each day, for a few days. To
establish the layering dynamics of your water, you can use the
concentration monitor. The monitor will detect any increase in
concentration after the tank has been mixed and left standing, and it will
shut the system down if the levels are over the preset limits. A solar powered stirring system may also be required. This consists of a solar powered pump that will operate during daylight to continuously agitate the system. A cost effective solar pumping system that uses advanced electronic technology to boost the solar power available is now available and is a cost effective means of preventing layering. To check the efficiency of this system, it will be necessary to repeat the analysis of top and bottom samples to ensure even concentration.
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